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Georgius Pachymeres: Historia Georgius Pachymeres (1308)

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Pachymeres was born at Nicaea, in Bithynia. His most important work being a Byzantine history in thirteen books from 1255 to 1308. He leaves us a description of the giraffe.

 

Taken from: Contenant L'Histoire des Empéreurs Michel, & Andronique By Georgius Pachymeres

 

Left: A painting of the author


In fact, the two opposite climates of the earth, that of the north and that of the south, by the effect of innate forces, act contradictory on the dispositions of the body and the soul, as also on the temperaments [...] ; to the north, in fact, the animals are white, while in the south they are black; the men of the North are without intelligence and are considered as hardly endowed with reason: in them no logical sciences, no natural science, no knowledge, no wisdom, no regime of life or work of art or other activities by which men are distinguished from beings without reason; on the other hand, they have daring impulses and are quick to fight, to the point of launching quickly on whom excites them [...]. To the south, it is quite the opposite; these, in fact, are very talented and very intelligent and excellent in politics, arts, logical knowledge and decisions to be made in each case, but they are slow in the effort and cowardly in the fighting, they live rather in idleness, preferring to have little rather than much while working. A naturalist would impute these phenomena to the sun, which, radiating on one side for a short time, does not sufficiently warm the brain, from which comes naturally the intelligence, but which, by hardening the skin, gives the strength to the limbs, while, radiating more in the other part, it furnishes by its heat the intelligence, but weakens the virility of the whole of the corporal limbs; natural science teaches that souls change together with the bodies.

The giraffe is a special animal, so marvellous that I decided to give here a description of it, to refresh the memory of those who saw it, and to let it be known to those who do not yet.

Their bodies are of moderate size, like the donkeys, their fur, like that of the panther, white and speckled with fiery red spots, the posture, as in the camels, ascending only from the rump to the shoulders, so that the fore feet considerably exceed the hind feet. The neck rises high as in the cranes and runs out in a head, so that the animal wins something defiant and proud. The head is small and of a camel like form. It is white on the stomach, and from the neck runs a black line all the way down to the insignificant tail in a straight-ahead direction. The feet are as thin as a deer and split. Moreover, she is tame, so that she lets herself be led by children by the nose and obediently follows everywhere; She eats grass, but also lets herself be fed like sheep with bread and barley. She is of a benign character; against infringing attacks, she has no means of protection - as nature largely grants to animals to defend against attacks - neither hooves like horses, or horns like cattle - for she is not crowned with horns either - nor tusks like that Boars, claws like cats, but teeth that, I believe, cause only moderate bites, just strong enough to ward off injury without harm; for the teeth also contain no poison, as with those animals which nature has provided with such. This animal being brought from Ethiopia and presented to the Emperor, was shown in the streets for several days to the people.