A coin with the emperor and his mom Zoe
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Constantine Porphyrogenitus :
De Administrando Imperio (The Imperial Administration)
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Constantine Porphyrogenitus :
De Administrando Imperio (The Imperial Administration)
(10th
cent) Byzantine Emperor
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Taken from : B. Lewis : Race and Slavery in the Middle East
The Daily tribute paid to the Byzantine Emperor by the Caliph' Abd al-Malik (1) included as well as money one purebred horse and one black slave.
An earlier agreement between the emperor and Mu'awiya (2) provided for the annual delivery of fifty purebred horses but no black slaves.
Note: Here we have the first documented wave of arrivals of East Africans in Eastern Europe.
The Daily tribute paid to the Byzantine Emperor by the Caliph' Abd al-Malik (1) included as well as money one purebred horse and one black slave.
An earlier agreement between the emperor and Mu'awiya (2) provided for the annual delivery of fifty purebred horses but no black slaves.
Note: Here we have the first documented wave of arrivals of East Africans in Eastern Europe.
(1) Caliph Sultan Abdelmalik ibn Marwan: Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan ibn al-Hakam was the fifth Umayyad caliph, ruling from April 685 until his death 705AD.
(2) Moawia: Mu'awiya ibn Yazid (c. 664 – 684 CE), was the third Umayyad caliph. He ruled briefly in 683-684. After his dead Umayyad power temporarily collapsed until Marwan I took back control.