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Bandar Kus (Somewhere south of Vangaindrano???)

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Ibn Majid (1470) in his Hawiya is the only author to mention this place. In his Sufaliyya he mentions also at four fingers for Nach: Maqarah. Although his informant might have been mistaken here as the information given by the Portuguese tends to favour Ambohabe for Maqarah at 5 fingers.

 

Ibn Majid in his Hawiya is the only author to mention this place. He mentions at 4 fingers of Nach Bandar Kus at 26.6°S Bandar Qasim at 23.5°S and Kandali at 23.9°S.


No archaeological research has been done in the area and no other details are known. Vangaindrano is on the Mananara river but: there are two Mananara rivers in Madagascar; this is the southern one. On the mouth of the northern one archaeological research has been done.

 

Taken from: Taken from: Madagascar, Comores et Mascareignes à travers la Hawiya d'Ibn Magid (866 H. /1462). Par François VIRE et Jean-Claude HEBERT.

 

The Arabic term kaws has the general meaning of “headwind” and in the Indian Ocean, pronounced kis, means the southwest monsoon; at Madagascar, kosy is the name of the southern breeze. The toponymy, “Port-Kous” is used frequently. As for Kuri and Haduda, Ibn Majid cites two on the eastern side, one by Big Dipper four fingers high and the other, much further south, is one finger only. Khoury places the first in Mananjary and the second in Faux Cap. Tibbetts who reads Kaws does not speak of the first and would see, in the second, the old Turubaya (= Fort Dauphin). Centered on Reunion, a full cape starts exactly from Mananjary which is at the same latitude and it may very well be that this bandar Kus is this place; but it should be noted that throughout all the writings of Ibn Majid and those of his disciple Sulayman al-Mahri there reigns a constant confusion between the two toponyms bandar Kus and bandar Kuri, confusion attributable not to these authors but to their informants, without exclude any spelling errors due to later copyists. It emerges nevertheless from the texts that a bandar Kuri was the southernmost anchorage to the west of Cape Sainte Marie and that a bandar Kis was roughly its counterpart to the east; however, the Antandroy coast has no natural harbor and has long been a cemetery for European ships; also, it is necessary to suppose these two places further north on one side and the other on the other side.

 

Note: the reason why other authors than me put Bandar Kus and Maqarah way further north is a different solution to the mistake in Ibn Majid’s Madagascar map. When working with the exact length of a finger Madagascar becomes way longer than the real one. So, I deleted the last two places on each site of the island as their names are clearly duplicates. But another solution is to make the length of the fingers for Nach smaller and so fit all places on the island. I do not think that the medieval pilots would be making such big mistakes and also the corresponding places on the East African coast are correct. That is Mozambique island and Sofala who are known places.

F. Vire and J.C. Hebert explain: The direction given to go to Tiri Raga (Réunion) from Kus (strait East) as well as all the other directions given (from the towns of Mankar, Haduda, Kus, Abaya …...) to go to Tiri Raga are not correct. They are too much west of the islands in all cases.

I propose to shift all these directions one town to the north. Making Haduda instead the harbour from where to go straight east to Tira Raga. We have then Rufati (Bazaruto islands in East Africa) at 21.5°S; Bandar Kuri (around Morombe on west coast Madagascar) at 21.5°S; Maqarah (from the Sufaliyya)/Hadudah(from the Hawiya) as (Ambohabe) close to Onjatsy at 22.4°S; and Réunion at 21.4°S. It is still not correct but better.