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Sri Bameswara Maharaja:Inscription at Ploembangan
(1120)(Java)
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Taken from: Egbert Heemen: Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap....1913
States without Cities: Demographic Trends in Early Java by Jan Wisseman Christie
Inscription in stone at Ploembangan division Blitar residency Kediri on the island of Java. Big stone with Eastern old-Java inscription on front and back. No translation is available. According to different authors the date of 1062 sanka is not correct but should be 1042 (1120AD) according to others again it should be 1052.
On August 2, 1120 AD Bameswara Maharaja bestowed the re-determination of Panumbangan Village as a sima swatandra (freehold) village in the form of a stone inscription (linggopala). This stipulation was based on a previous king's decision which had been given to the residents of Panumbangan Village as a charter written on palm leaves. On the Panumbangan Inscription there is King Bameswara's anvil in the form of a candrakapala (skull biting the moon). (The previous king referred to in this inscription is thought to have been Sri Jitendrakara who was buried in Gajapada.).
Sri Bameswara in this inscription has the title cri maharaja rake sirikan cri paramecwara sakalabhuwana tustikaranani waryyawiryya parakrama digjayottunggadewa.
In this inscription it is also mentioned that there are five rama duwan i panumbangan i dalm thani (the five hamlets of Panumbangan inside the thani =Village) listing the five hamlets as Palampitan ("rattan-mat place"), Kamburan (?), Padagangan ("trading place"), Byetan (?), and Kidul-ning-Pasar ("south of the covered market").
Rahmawati (2002: 39-41) added that some of the privileges contained in the Panumbangan I Inscription include being able to have a turned (on a lathe?) wooden seat, can have tassels made of a type of fine cloth ‘bananten’ on the edge of the home altar, can have yellow mortar, can have halls, can have a house with floors and with halls and can also possess servants or slaves. Apart from that, it is also stated that the duwan (hamlets) i panumbangan have the right to summon the men (of a kind of traveling spectacle) to give a special performance for them.
….. swatantra ri decanya tan katamana de (and not allowed to be entered by) sang winawa manak katrini pangkur tawan tirip (the three main human incarnations of gods= three most important ministers named pangkur, tawan, tirip) mwang saprakara sang (and as well the) mangilala drwya haji(king’s miscellaneous tax collectors) paramia (=paramisra: officers who collect taxes on handicraft businesses), pangurang kring (mendicant friar) padein (class of persons), manimpiki (cabinet workers) peranakan (one who belongs to a mixed cast) limus araluh (gold craftsman), … a list of nearly 100 names of groups of people of which I add only the last ones as they are the important ones for us (on line 7 of the back) …..
lung kdi (unfertile) walyan (doctor) sambal sumbul (police officers) hulun haji (kings slaves) pawulungwulung (the dark-blue ones), widumangidung (song-singers) jenggi (black slave) singgah (slave walking in front of his owner) pamrpi (carries the cushions) watek i jro (court attendants) ityaiwamadi (and so forth) kabeh (everybody) tan (not) tama ta irikang rama lima duwan i Panumbangan.
If all these do not recognize the authority of the elders of the hamlets of Panumbangan over its good and bad, events, such as the areca-blossom that bears no fruit, the pumpkin that creeps along the ground, death, corpse bedewed, blood split on the ground ………..