Muhammad ibn Mukarram ibn Ali ibn Ahmad ibn Manzur al-Ansari al-Ifriqi al-Misri al-Khazraji Jamal al-Din Abu al-Fadl (1233 – 1311) was the author of a dictionary, Lisan al-Arab. Ibn Manzur was born in Ifriqiya (Tunisia). He was a judge in Tripoli, Libya and Egypt. He died in Cairo. Lisan al-Arab was completed in 1290. The headwords are not arranged by the alphabetical order of the radicals as usually done, but according to the last radical. He mentions the Zanj often but has very limited knowledge from East Africa.
….but very crisp, or frizzled, or woolly, hair, like that of the Zenj and the Nubians, is disapproved.
It is said that he (Fadl ibn al Abas) (1) meant that he is from the purest of the Arabs because most Arabs are black-skinned.
…kinky hair was the hair Arabs had and that lank hair was the hair of the Persian.
First page of the book
Taken from: alwaraq.net
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ibn Mansoor: Mukhtasir tarikh dimashqi (Short History of Damascus) (d1311)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Taken from: alwaraq.net
P28
Ibn Abbas said: The Messenger of Allah peace be upon him said: Mecca; the verse of honor, and Medina torque of religion,
Kufa (10), tent of Islam, and Basra pride of Abidin (11), and the Levant, gem of the righteous, and Egypt nest of the devil and his cave, and stable, and Sindh, the ink and the adulterer in Zinj , and the honesty in Nubia, and Bahrain, home of Mubarak (12), and Al Jazeera (13) gem of killings, and the people of Yemen with hearts gentle,… and the imams of the Quraysh (14), and masters of the people of Banu Hashim (15).
P2331
Abu Hassan died in Baghdad in the year 477 AH and was of the people of Miurqp.
He had installed himself in the land of Zinj, where he was investigating their manners, then he came back to Basra to reside in,
and when he arrived in Basra he mounted again the camel, and he died seventy-four years old.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ibn Manzur: Surur al-Nafs (The Pleasure of Using the Five Senses)
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Taken from: alwaraq.net
P6
Maturity, amongst the people Zinj where the womb permits only limited maturation because the heat leads to being overburned....
P62
Consideration of the South Pole and Sohail together … this shows that this pole and this planet have the capacity to create
musical pleasure in people, so as they are very close together in Zinj they are indeed very musical.
P127
October: fighting deadly turf wars Zinj, India, Babylon and the king kills his enemies, and the year will be good, and a lot of
planting the land on farms, and a lot of rain.
Saturn: reflects on, India, Zinj and the Copts, Ethiopia and the Sudan between the south and Maghreb and Yemen, Arab
and the Nabati (16).
Taken from: Der Neger in der Bildersprache der arabischen Dichter By Manfred Ullmann
P65
(citing Abul abbas Ahmad ibn Yusuf at Tifasi)
(17)
Can't you see the beginning of the month when the crescent moon appears while the shadows of the night darkness fall? The darkness in combination with the crescent moon is, so to speak, an old man from the Zanj, whose eyebrows are greyed out.
P384
(citing Saraf ad din Abul Abbas Ahmad ibn Yusuf at Tifasi)
(17)
After the night settled down with all its heaviness, the candle appeared. Then the night that was was being chased away. With an army of zanj, she waged an attack. Then the candle held out a lance tip that blocked her way.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ibn Mansur: Nithar al-azhar (Exciting Flowers)
-------------------------------------------------------
Taken from: maktabatalarab.com
P80
Among the black people like the Zinj, because they live in a hot country. The heat overcooks them in the womb and curls
their hair. This makes that the mind is dull for the Sudan.
P127
this star (Suheil) is characteristic for events of joy and happiness in the people and for the lowness of the al zanj who are
close to Suheil what makes them to be full of joy.
P134
Saturn influences the land of Sindh and India and Zinj and Abyssinia and the Copts and south between Sudan and
Maghreb, and Yemen and Maghreb.
P271
In the month of Shawwal: problems in al Zanj and India, and the King in Babel kills his enemies, and good a generally
good year, and a good year for the farmers, and the rain increases.
(1) Fadl ibn al Abas: Fadl ibn Abbas (611-639) was a brother of Abdullah ibn Abbas and was a cousin of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
(2) Ibn al- Athir: see my webpage Ibn Al Athir (1231).
(3) Hijaz: the province of Mecca.
(4) Daghawa: (east africa): found in Ibn Sida (1066); Idrisi (1150); Ibn Said (1250); Ibn Manzur (1290); Qadi Ibn Sasri Al-Shafi’I (1300); Al-Dimashqi (1325); Abulfida (1331); Al Himyari (1461) has Daghwata. Here it has two rivers, is situated besides the land of the Zanj close to Qumr, at the end of the mountain-chain Ousthiqoun; a town also called Dahna which according to Ptolemy is south of the equator (says Al-Dimashqi (1325)). Mayby the same place as: Dgo: Dgaop; found in: Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi (d791); al-Sahib ibn Abbad (995). In idrisi (1150) Daghuta it is the furthest south town in the land of Sofala. Sofala was one of the earliest places to be visited by Muslim traders for its gold; together with Qanbalu (Pemba) for its slaves.
(5) Zaghawa: also called Beri or Zakhawa, are a Sahelian Muslim ethnic group primarily residing in Fezzan North-eastern Chad, and western Sudan, including Darfur.
(6) Bialzay: pl of al Zanj
(7) Farsi: language of Persia
(8) Farazdak: Al Farazdaq: Arab poet; (641-730). See also on him my webpages: Al-Jahiz 869; Ibn Abd Rabbih 940; Abd al-Karim ibn M. al Samani 1172; Ibn al Jawzi 1200.
(9) Jarir said to Farazdak: see my webpage on Jarir b. Atiya (d728).
(10) Kufa: Kufah, is a city in Iraq, about 170 kilometres south of Baghdad.
(11) Abidin: literally worshippers.
(12) Mubarak: literally the blessed.
(13) Al Jazeera: Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia)
(14) Quraysh: tribe of the Prophet Mohamed.
(15) Banu Hashim: Ukaym tribe: Akym: Banu Hashim is one of the clans of the Quraysh tribe.
(16) Nabati; Nabataeans: the Arabian borderland that stretched from the Euphrates to the Red Sea.
(17) Abul abbas Ahmad ibn Yusuf at Tifasi: born in Tiffech, a village near Souk Ahras in Algeria (1184 – died 1253 in Cairo) was an Arabic poet, writer, and anthologist, best known for his work A Promenade of the Hearts.
(18) And the giraffe: in areas with little water: This is also repeated by many authors; Abu Hayyan al-Tawhidi (d1023); Ibn Sida (1066); Shah Mardan Ibn Abi al-Khayr (11th); Al Marvazi: (1120); Ibn Manzur: (1290).
(19) Other versions: ushtur gaw yalank (palank); shutur-gaw-palank; ustar-gaw-palang; ushturgavpalang; ushtur or shutur-gdw-palank; ushtur kaw-balank; ushtur-gdv-palang ………………
The more used form to write it is: Usturgawpalang: persian name for giraffee; camel-ox-leopard (ustur-gaw-palang). The animal that looks like the cross of these three animals. Palang means: a leopard, a panther a giraffe, a hyena; anything of a motley colour. Ushtur: a camel [two-humped], gaw: cow, ox or bull. This Persian name is repeated among many others: Ibn al-Fakih al Hamadhani (903); Musa Ud-Damiri (d1405); Zad Sparam (9th); Ibn Bakhtishu (1295); Al-Raghib al-Isfahani (1109); Hassan Bar Bahlul (10th); Mohammad ebn Mahmud ebn Ahmad Tusi (1160); Jahiz's Kitab al-Hayawan (869); Tha'alibi (d1038); Ibn Manzur (1290); Al-Saghani (1252); Ibrahim Ibn Wasif Shah al Misri (d1209); Ibn Qutayba (880); Ibn Abd Rabbih (940).
(20) no precise identification of Ibn al Arabi is found. But this phrase of him is repeated by Ibn Mansur 1290; Al-Azhari 981; Al-Saghani 1252.
(21) Ibn Al-Skeet, Ya`qub Ibn Ishaq (d859AD) known through his book (Reformation of Logic) on linguistic interpretation of verses from the Noble Qur’an, Abu Ubayda (AD 728–825) of Persian Jewish descent. The titles of 105 of his works are known but nothing of his (except a song) seems to exist now in an independent form. The complete entry is copied from Ibn Sida : Al Mukhassas (Custom) (d1066).