as illustration only from a Turkish manuscript 1582
Ibn Al Qayyem: Miftah Dar Al-Sa 'adah
(The Key to the House of Happiness)(d1350)
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Shams al-Din Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr ibn Ayyub al-Zur’i l-Dimashqi l-Hanbali (1292– 1350 CE), commonly known as Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya, was an important medieval Islamic jurisconsult, theologian, and spiritual writer. In his Miftah Dar al-Sa'adah, in addition to denouncing the astrologers as worse than infidels. He has an interesting and correct article on the Nile sources and another on the giraffe.
Taken from: Men & the Universe: Reflections of Ibn Al-Qayyem By Abdul-Hameed Al-Qoz
Our purpose here is to refute the claim put forth by many that the giraffe is the outcome of the mating of many animals
which meet at the places of drinking - such claims arc a lie about the giraffe and a lie about creation. To refute this lie,
one only needs to observe that when the male donkey and the mare mate, or the wolf and the she-hyena, or the sheep
and the she-goat, there will not be in the offspring an organ from the father and another from the mother; not like the
giraffe's having an organ similar to a horse's and another similar to a camel's; it is rather a mixture and compromise of
the two, as you see in the mule: its head, ears, back, and hoofs are midway between the organs of its father and mother
and a joint outcome of both. Even its braying is a mixture of the horse's neighing and the donkey's braying. This proves
that a giraffe is not the descendant of parents of different species, as is assumed by some. It is rather an exquisite
creation and a wonderful making, a creation of Allah, Who originated it, as a sign and an evidence of His power and
wisdom which is without limit; so that His slaves should witness that He is the creator of various animals, Who
diversified them as He wished and made them in the shapes He willed. Some are symmetrical, with balanced organs,
some are asymmetrical, with different shapes, structures and looks. Similarly, he shows His servants His perfect power
by creating the human species in four different ways, which point to their being created by the Lord's power and will and
their being subordinate to Him. The four divisions are as follows: the human who was created without male or female,
the father of the human species; the one created from a male without a female, the mother of humans who was created
from a rib of Adam's; the one who was created from a female without a male, Jesus son of Mary; the one who was
created from a male and a female, all the rest of human beings. He is thus showing His servants His signs and
revealing Himself to them with His favors and power, that if He wills something to be He will say: Be, and it will be. Why
the giraffe has that long neck is, according to those who observe its life and living place, because its home and grazing
place is among tall, extremely tall trees; by having a long neck, the giraffe can reach the ends of branches of those trees
to eat of their leaves and fruits. This is the extent of what those people know, although the wisdom of the Gentle, the
Knowing is far deeper and superior to that.
The giraffe
Consider now the case of the giraffe, its different organs, and then the resemblance to various animals: its head resembles
a horse's, its neck a camel's, its hooves a cow's, its skin a tiger's; this has led some to the claim that it is a hybrid
resulting from impregnation of a female animal by several males of different species. They say that various land species
come to drink at the same place, and that the wild male animals mate with domesticated ones and the outcome is this
mongrel, which is like a human crossbreed that is the hybrid of different humans. In my view, a person who makes such
a claim is lying about the giraffe and lying about the creation. Animals do not impregnate females of different species: the
camel does not fertilize the cow, nor the cow the she-camel, nor the horse the cow or the camel, nor vice versa, nor do other
beasts or birds do that. It is true that some species do mate with their closely related species: the wild cow and the
domesticated cow; the sheep and the goat; the horse and the donkey; the wolf and the hyena, when the mule, the
mongrel sheep -goat or wolf -hyena result.
Ibn Al Qayyim: al-Tibb al-Nabawi (Prophetic Medicine)
Taken from: www.islamicbook.ws الطب النبوي
This text is also found as a quote in: Ibn Abd as-Salam al-Manufi (d1525): Al-fīd al-madīd fī akhbar an-Nil as-sa’id
The Nile is one of the rivers of Paradise (al-janna). It rises in a land behind Jabal al-Qamar - in the remotest part of al-Ḥabasha -
from rains which collect there into streams and join one another. God Almighty drives it into barren lands where no vegetation
could grow if the Nile would not water them. But, thanks to the Nile, vegetables can be grown there and they provide food for men
and animals. As the land to which God led the Nile is black, hard slime, normal rains would not be sufficient to water it
adequately and it will produce no vegetation; if the rains are excessive, they will damage the homes and harm the inhabitants;
thus no life would be possible in that territory. Therefore, God causes the rains to fall abundantly in countries far away, and led
the rain water to those barren lands through this great river and made the flood season to water them adequately. Once the
land is watered and flooded, God makes the river shrink and decrease in order to ensure the welfare [of the inhabitants] by the
cultivation of crops.
Ibn al-Qayyim al-Jawziyya: Alfawayid Almshwwq 'iilaa Eulum Alquran;
(The interesting benefits to the science of the Koran)
Taken from: الفوائد المشوق إلى علوم القرآن وعلم البيان لامام ابن القيم الجوزية by Dr. Attieh Ghoul
الطب النبوي by لشمس الدين محمد بن أبي بكر بن أيوب الزرعي الدمشقي ابن قيم الجوزية ablibrary.net
As Ibn Abi Atiq said:
Make it noble with aloe and musk on camphor.
It is known that the Zenj stink and smell, if they taste some of this perfume it changes their smell.
(Water of the Nile): one of the rivers of Paradise, its origin behind the mountains of the moon - in the far reaches of Ethiopia.
Naqd al-Manqool (Criticism of the transmitted)
Beware of the Zanj, for they are a deformed creation (1).
(1) Beware of the Zinj, they are a distorted creation.
This hadith is repeated by: Abu Nu’aym al Isfahani 1038; Abu Ubayd al Bakri 1067; Ibn Qudama al Maqdisi 1223; Ibn al Jawzi 1257; Ibn abd al Rahman al Mizzi 1342; al Dhahabi 1348; (and many others). Al Kulayni 939 was maybe the first to use it.