Rashid al-Din Tabib, also known as Rashid al-Din Faḍlullah Hamadan, (1247–1318) was a statesman, historian and physician in Ilkhanate-ruled Iran. The Jami al-Tawarikh (Compendium of Chronicles) was the history from Adam to Rashid al-Din's time. Authorship of his Letters: whether Rashid al-Din's Letters are a forgery or not; Alexander Morton has shown them to be a forgery, probably from the Timurid period. One scholar who has attempted to defend the letters' authenticity is Abolala Soudovar.
Taken from : J.A. Boyle : The Cambridge History of Iran Vol 5
The writer of this book worked as a pharmacist-botanicus to e.g. visit India in search of Indian herbs and medicines for Il Khani (Mongol emperor in Persia)
Rashid al Din employed 1000 (500 men and 500 women) and 200 (100 men and 100 women) enslaved prisoners (asiran va ghulaman) respectively in the great gardens Fathabad and Rashidabad near Tabriz - Georgians, negroes (zanj) , Abyssinians, Greeks, and Kurds who showed zeal in the planting of the vine and of fruit frees, in the digging of channels underground (qanavat) and on the surface (anbar), in the watering and gathering of fruit.
Taken from : The Cambridge Economic history of India I by Tapan Raychaudhuri (Editor), Irfan Habib (Editor)
Hamdard
Islamicus: quarterly journal of the Hamdard National Foundation by Hamdard National Foundation, Pakistan 1984
p88
Beyond the Legacy of Genghis Khan by Linda Komaroff
In defense of Rasid-al-din and his Letters. Studia Iranica. 32: 77–122 Soudovar, Abolala (2003).
Rashid al-Din Tabib also Rashid al-Din Fadhl-allah Hamadani (1247–1318)
Mokatebat e Rashidi or Mashe'at e Rashidi is a collection of 53 letters from Rashideddin.
Letter 48
(A letter written by Malik Ala al-Din Khalji (r. 1296-1316 C.E.Sultan of Delhi) to the Wazir of the Ilkhanid ruler of Persia, Rashid al-Din.)
However Soudovar argues that the writer was not the Sultan from Delhi but the commander from Kerman and the coastal provinces.
The writer expresses his joy for receiving a letter from Rashid al Din which has alleviated the grief he feels at being separated from his friend. He is grateful for the accompanying presents. Rashid al Dins solicitude for the weak and the effort he has expended on establishing good relations between Sultan Ala al-Din and his own king are praised. He greatly desires that they should meet again. A list of presents for Rashid al-Din, which have been sent with merchants to Basra follows.
It provides a list of commodities mainly either produced in the vicinity of the great ports of Gujarat (1) or transshipped there. Some material in the collection in which this document is produced is clearly unauthentic, but current scholarly opinion would assign the forgeries or alterations to a date before 1400. We cannot therefore take on trust the absolute quantities of the items said to have been dispatched, ranging from diamonds weighing 2.29 and 4.58 g. to 38.52 metric tons of teak-wood but the list provides some guide as to relative quantities. The sources of the commodities are frequently noted.
- Textiles, some noted as from Cambay (2)
- Precious stones; diamonds weighing 2.29 and 4.58 g
-Perfumes,
-Exotic birds and animals: parrots (tuti), Zag-e hendi-ye sokhan guy (myna bird from India) with the African zebra (re-exported from India) and an orang-outang, the most exotic items on the list
-Conserves and pickles,
-Spices and drugs, the last category totaling 29.25 metric tons. Among them is a very early reference to the export of a small quantity of Chinese tea and tamr-e hendi (tamarind from India)
-Furnishings include pillows and quilts, and mats of applique leather (from Gujarat) (1)
-Fragrant oils,
-Thirteen gold vessels (one described as of Bengal workmanship),
-500 vessels of Chinese porcelain,-lajvard (3) (blue and white) dishes and drinking-bowls; royal bowls (larger ones) with floral designs; big sherbet-bowls with seven color decoration; wine-ewers in lajvard (3) ornamented with gold designs, and lajvard saucers and flat dishes
-Thirty Martaban (4) jars of pickles
-Four varieties of fruit, including 3,000 coconuts.
-Items of wood and bone, 38.52 metric tons of teak, ebony, and saj-e hendi (5): red sandalwood (from India); and elephant ivory, 'the teeth of the lion-fish', and 'beaks of the samandar'. They probably refer to walrus ivory, the most likely source for which is Kamchatka (6); and to the beak of the crested hornbill (rhinoplex vigil).
(the letter ends:)
May the white sheet of days and the pages of passing years be marked by the official signet of the one whom I serve.
(Compendium of Chronicles) (1310)
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Taken from: Rashid al-Din’s history of India: collected essays with facsimiles and indices By Rashid al-Din Ṭabib, Karl Jahn
Taken from: Wikipedia
Taken from: Die indiengeschichte des rasid ad-din / Karl Jahn Wien, 1980 120 S. Text, 80 Tafeln /Mss + german translation
(from here the page numbers are taken)
The Jami al-tawarikh consists of:
1. Ta’rikh-i Ghazani,(11)
The Mongol and Turkish tribes: their history, genealogies and legends
3. The Shu’ab-i panjganah (genealogies, of the Arabs, Jews, Mongols, Franks, and Chinese).
4. The Suwar al-akalim, a geographical compendium. (is lost)
p25-26
p31
p34
A coconut tree and under an ebony tree as illustration only (and not taken out of this manuscript).
p35
p100
The people of Habash and some of the Zanj races are all Buddhist.
(1) Gujarat: in northwestern India.
(2) Cambay; Kanbaya: Cambay in the Indian state of Gujarat.
(3) Lajvard: Lapis lazuli or lajvard (blue) gem.
(4) Martaban: Mottama; formerly Martaban (in Myanmar). It was the capital of the Martaban Kingdom from 1287 to 1364.
(5) saj-e hendi: Teak wood from Hind.
(6) Kamchatka: The Kamchatka Peninsula is in the Russian Far East.
(7)Ganda: found with Al Marvazi (1120); Al-Biruni (1050); Rashid al-Din Fazlallah (1318).
(8) Zufar: Dhofar: province in Oman
(9) Kanbayat: Cambay
(10) They became Muslim in 660 AH (1262AD) and they do not have a common king: This date is close to the change of the Shirazi dynasty to the Mahdali dynasty in Kilwa (1277).
(11) Tarikh-i mubarak-i Ghazani (The Blessed History of Ghazan) is an invaluable source for the early history of the Mongol Empire. Begun in 1302 by Rashid al-Din,[1] doctor and vizier to Ilkhanid rulers Ghazan Khan (r. 1295–1304) and his brother Oljeitu Sultan (r. 1304–16).
(12) Oljeitu Sultan (r. 1304–16).
(13) this is repeated from Al-Biruni (1050) Teareikh al-India; and his Al Biruni; Al-Tafh im li-aw a'il sin a'at al-tanj im; and his Kitab al-Jamahir fi ma’rifat al-Jawahir.
(14) in the books three different places are called Waqwaq: in South-East Africa; in Indonesia; around Japan. Here East Africa is meant.