Sayuna (Quelimane)
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No medieval author mentions Quelimane. But there is a chance that the Sayuna of Idrisi (1150) might have been somewhere in this very big Zambezi Delta. No archaeological research has been done in the area.
Portuguese sources make it clear that it was a medieval settlement but it is unknown if it already existed in Idrisi days. Authors who repeated Idrisi: Ibn Said (1250); Abulfida (1331) as Seruna; Al Himyari (1461). However; it looks more that for these authors who repeat Idrisi it is situated at the mouth of the Ruvuma River.
End of the Middle-Ages View on Quelimane by the Portuguese.
In 1511, a Portuguese colonial force launched an attack on the Sultan of Angoche in an attempt to reinforce control over the trade routes to the interior. A captive taken, described a route into the interior that the Portuguese had not known about. This northern route passed Quelimane on the Zambezi River Delta and progressed in a northwestern direction up the river itself.
Quelimane, Sena and Tete formed a trio of urban settlements linked to each other through the conduct of trade on the Zambezi. Sena and Quelimane had been Islamic towns before the arrival of the Portuguese, and Tete had possibly been one as well. Quelimane was some 10 miles up the Qua Qua river (according to some the Rio dos Bons Sinais (River of good signs) which Vasco da Gama had visited in 1499). The river was tidal as far as the town, and further upstream it was linked to the Zambezi delta.
Taken from: A description of the coasts of East Africa and Malabar, in the beginning of the sixteenth century. Duarte Barbosa 1514. Transl Stanley.
In the mouth of this river river (Zuama also Kwama or Cuama), there is a town of the Moors which has a king and it is called Mongalo. Much gold comes from Benamatapa to this town of the Moors, by this river which makes another branch which falls at Angoya (Angoche). Where the Moors make use of boats (almadias), which are boads hollowed out from a single trunk, to bring the cloths and other merchandise from Angos, and to transport much gold and ivory. Note: Barbosa makes a mistake here it is Quelimane which is on another branch of the river.
Friar João dos Santos described the Zambezi River as a great river which drained into the Indian Ocean through five estuaries, the first estuary being Luabo (Micelo), the second Kwama (Zambezi), the third Old Luabo (Inhamacara), the fourth Linde (Chinde) and the fifth is Quelimane (Cuacua river).
Taken from: Ethiopia oriental, Volume 1 By João dos Santos. (d1622); His book is about 1580-1600.
P249
CHAPTER XXII
Of the rivers of Quelimane and Loranga and the customs of their inhabitants.
Quelimane is a branch of the beautiful and pleasant Cuama (Zambezi) River with a shallow depth, as we have already said. Its mouth is just over a league (1) wide, which is why tall ships could not enter it …………
P252
……… These Kaffirs, when it comes to religion, worship one God who is in heaven, they believe in the immortality of the soul, they do not deny divine providence, they believe that there are demons and that they are evil and that all good things come from God and with all this they are great blasphemers because when the tidings are not to them what they want or things don't happen to them that they like, they say bad things about God and that he does what he shouldn't do and other similar words. ……
(1) leagues: Portuguese Maritime League = 5,555.56 metres.
Taken from: Lendas da India by Gaspar Correa 16th Vol 1
DOM DUARTE DE MENESES, QUINTO GOUERNADOR. YEAR 1523.
(Queryma (=Quelimane) has chosen the side of Bombaça (=Mombasa) against Melinde; so the Portuguese attack it.)
Dom Pedro de Crasto left with the messengers, who took him to the islands of Queryma, and they went to the main one, where a nephew of ElRey de Bombaça was guarding it, where there were many people in garrison, where Dom Pedro said on the boat, and sent Christouao de Sousa to say on the skiff with all the people, who there would be two hundred well-armed men. When the Moors saw it, they concentrated on fighting, and ordered the eviction of a large pond in which all the jetties and their family were, and he only remained with the fighting people. And ours in two squadrons will attack the place; but the Moors stayed apart from Christouao de Sousa, because they arrived first; the battle was great, because the Moors were very strong and well armed, but because many of them came to Dom Pedro, who entered from another side, without giving Christouao de Sousa so much trouble. But Dom Pedro, when his people were fighting with the Moors ……… (they killed their captain) ……… (the Moors, avenging his death, launch a big attack) …………..
…… as it was late, they would retreat to a large mosque, where the next day messengers from other islands would come to give obedience, fearing that they would not do so much harm to them. The messengers agreed that all the islands will be under the obedience of the Kings of Pemba and Zanzibar. After which Dom Pedro left for Malindi, where he was told that he could better be there.
